Electric mobility explored.

Currently, and in the years to come, the provisions for reducing CO₂ emissions will lead to an increase in electric mobility of 10% by 2025. A key player in this technological transition is the electronics manufacturing industry. From November 16 to 19, 2021 in Munich (D), productronica will show what opportunities the electrification of the automotive industry offers the electronics manufacturing industry. VDMA Productronic is an ideal, specialist sponsor of the trade fair.

Electric Mobility Exhibitors     • Manz (Hall B2, Booth 416)     • KOMAX (Hall B4, Booth 263)     • Festo (Hall A3, Booth 263)     • LPKF (Hall B2, Booth 303)     • Viscom (Hall A2, Booth 177)     • Hesse Mechatronics (Hall B2, Booth 221)

The coronavirus pandemic is also leaving its mark on automotive markets. The trend toward electric mobility, meanwhile, has once again picked up significant speed. Especially in Germany, a larger selection of electric mobility solutions together with government subsidies are leading to dynamic growth.

Roland Berger’s “E-Mobility Index 2021” showed that nearly 400,000 electric vehicles received registration approval in 2020 – three times as many as in the previous year. Their share of the total market rose to 12.6% (2019: 2.9%). The German market for electric mobility ranks second in the world behind China.

According to the German Federal Motor Transport Authority, it was also possible to achieve the goal of one million electric vehicles (54% purely electric / 46% plug-in-hybrids) on German roads that had in fact been envisaged for 2020. Now the current German transport minister Andreas Scheuer  says the number is to increase to 14 million by 2030.

Private and public charging
In order to keep pace with the registration approvals of electric vehicles, the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) claims that the country needs more than a million freely accessible charging points by that time. This is also the case in the “Climate Protection Program 2030” and in the “Charging Infrastructure Masterplan.” In the same period, consulting firm PwC only expects a demand for “more than 700,000 charging points in public spaces. This is the case even if a lot of charging processes will take place at home (60-70%) and at work (15-25%).” However a current listing from the German Federal Network Agency shows that, as of August 1, only 40,000 slow charging points and 6,750 rapid charging points are in operation.

In order to change this quickly, the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) is making an additional 500 million euros available by the end of 2025 with the reissued “Publicly available charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Germany” support program. There are grants for normal charging points with a charging performance up to 22 kW and for rapid charging points with a performance greater than 22 kW, at which it is only possible to charge with direct current (DC). This should result in at least 50,000 charging points (of which at least 20,000 rapid charging points) by the end of 2025.

In order to at least partly solve the problem of private charging, the German government has put an additional €300 million aside for the funding of wallboxes. Applications can be made under the following conditions: The charging station must be supplied with 100% green electricity, have a performance of 11 kW and be controllable in order to avoid overloading the local power grid.

Solid-state battery provides hope
However, a complete charging infrastructure alone won’t help against the limited ranges that exist today. High-performance batteries with longer service lives are at least as important. In Germany, they are also currently enjoying the spotlight. Car manufacturers and investors are regularly announcing new battery cell factories. According to the European Transport & Environment (T&E) association, there are plans for 38 battery factories across Europe with an investment volume of around €40 billion.

Nearly all of them are relying on established lithium-ion technology. But there is hope for the future in the form of solid-state batteries such as those being developed by Daimler, Volkswagen and Toyota. Compared to the current technologies, they promise twice the range at the same size. The first vehicles, including test vehicles from Toyota and Volkswagen, are already on the way. However, it will be some time before this new type of battery hits the road on a large scale. The analyst firm Yole Developpement expects the technology to hit the market in 2025 and reach an overall performance of 2.36 GWh by 2027. That’s just enough for almost 50,000 electric cars with a 50 kWh battery.

Increased range with silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN)
But batteries aren’t the only lever for increasing the range of electric vehicles. In fact, it is a matter of optimizing the entire powertrain. To that end the Fraunhofer IZM, together with Bosch and Porsche, are developing converters with lower-loss semiconductors made of silicon carbide (SiC) in the “SiCeffizent” project. This makes it possible to achieve an up to 6% larger range. The first mass-produced vehicles are already using the SiC and GaN transition semiconductors, which are superior in terms of power density, longer service life and reliability.

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